Canadian Firearms License (PAL) – Complete Guide

What is a Firearms License (PAL)?

Anyone who wishes to legally own, purchase, or borrow firearms and ammunition in Canada must hold a valid Possession and Acquisition Licence (PAL). This license is issued by the RCMP Canadian Firearms Program (CFP) under the Firearms Act.

Who Can Apply?

You may apply for a firearms license if you meet the following requirements:
• Age: 18 years or older for a standard PAL.
• Youth aged 12–17 may apply for a Minor’s License (for supervised use only).
• Residency: Must be a Canadian citizen, permanent resident, or individual with valid immigration status.
• Background: You must not be prohibited from possessing firearms by court order, and you must pass a background check covering:
• Criminal history
• Mental health history

• Addiction or violent behaviour
• Training: Must complete the required safety course(s) and pass both written and practical exams.

Step-by-Step Licensing Process

1. Complete Safety Training
• Canadian Firearms Safety Course (CFSC) – required for non-restricted firearms (rifles & shotguns).
• Canadian Restricted Firearms Safety Course (CRFSC) – additional training required for restricted firearms (handguns, certain semi-automatic rifles/shotguns).
• Courses include classroom instruction, hands-on learning, and final exams.

2. Pass the Exams
• Written Test – multiple-choice and true/false questions covering safety rules, storage, and handling.
• Practical Test – demonstrate safe handling of firearms, unloading/loading, and ACTS & PROVE safety procedures.
• Passing both is mandatory. Students receive a Course Report Form (safety certificate).

3. Submit the Application
• Complete RCMP Form 5592 – Application for a Possession and Acquisition Licence (PAL).
• Include:
• Passport-style photograph.
• Proof of completed safety course(s).
• Application fee payment.
• Two references (must have known you for at least three years).
• Mail the completed package to the RCMP Canadian Firearms Program.

4. Background Check
• The RCMP conducts detailed checks:
• Criminal record verification.
• Interviewing references (if required).
• Spouse/partner notification.
• This process ensures applicants are responsible and eligible.

5. Receive Your Licence
• If approved, you’ll receive a plastic PAL card in the mail.
• Processing time is typically 45–90 days, but may vary.
• The PAL is valid for 5 years and can be renewed.

Classes of Firearms Licenses

1. Non-Restricted PAL
• Covers ordinary rifles and shotguns.
• Requires the CFSC only.
• These are the most common firearms for hunting and sport shooting.

2. Restricted PAL
• Covers handguns and certain semi-automatic rifles/shotguns.
• Requires both CFSC + CRFSC.
• Additional rules apply, including firearm registration and transport authorizations.

3. Prohibited PAL
• Only available to individuals with grandfathered status.
• Applies to fully automatic firearms, converted automatics, certain handguns, and other banned models.
• New applicants cannot obtain this class.

4. Minor’s License
• Available to youth aged 12–17.
• Permits supervised use of non-restricted firearms.
• Does not allow the acquisition or ownership of firearms.

Storage, Transport & Use

Regardless of license class, all firearm owners must comply with:
• Storage Regulations: Firearms must be unloaded and securely stored (locked case, safe, or trigger lock).
• Transportation Rules: Unloaded during transport, with restrictions on restricted/prohibited classes.
• Use of Firearms: Only in authorized areas such as ranges, hunting zones, or private land where lawful.

Quick Checklist for Applicants

✅ Be at least 18 years old (or 12–17 for a Minor’s License).
✅ Complete CFSC (and CRFSC if applying for restricted).
✅ Pass both written and practical tests.
✅ Complete RCMP Form 5592 with photo, references, and fees.
✅ Pass RCMP background and eligibility checks.

Why Train with COFA?

At Central Ontario Firearms Academy (COFA), we offer:
• Government-approved CFSC & CRFSC courses.
• Professional instructors with real-world firearms experience.
• Hands-on training to ensure you pass your tests with confidence.
• Guidance on the entire licensing process from start to finish.


⚖️ Legal Note: Firearm laws are governed by the Criminal Code of Canada and the Firearms Act. Always stay informed about current regulations through the RCMP Canadian Firearms Program.